Interconnected Services for Time-Series Data Management in Smart Manufacturing Scenarios

xvii, 218 p.The rise of Smart Manufacturing, together with the strategic initiatives carried out worldwide, have promoted its adoption among manufacturers who are increasingly interested in boosting data-driven applications for different purposes, such as product quality control, predictive maintenance of equipment, etc. However, the adoption of these approaches faces diverse technological challenges with regard to the data-related technologies supporting the manufacturing data life-cycle. The main contributions of this dissertation focus on two specific challenges related to the early stages of the manufacturing data life-cycle: an optimized storage of the massive amounts of data captured during the production processes and an efficient pre-processing of them. The first contribution consists in the design and development of a system that facilitates the pre-processing task of the captured time-series data through an automatized approach that helps in the selection of the most adequate pre-processing techniques to apply to each data type. The second contribution is the design and development of a three-level hierarchical architecture for time-series data storage on cloud environments that helps to manage and reduce the required data storage resources (and consequently its associated costs). Moreover, with regard to the later stages, a thirdcontribution is proposed, that leverages advanced data analytics to build an alarm prediction system that allows to conduct a predictive maintenance of equipment by anticipating the activation of different types of alarms that can be produced on a real Smart Manufacturing scenario

Interconnected Services for Time-Series Data Management in Smart Manufacturing Scenarios

xvii, 218 p.The rise of Smart Manufacturing, together with the strategic initiatives carried out worldwide, have promoted its adoption among manufacturers who are increasingly interested in boosting data-driven applications for different purposes, such as product quality control, predictive maintenance of equipment, etc. However, the adoption of these approaches faces diverse technological challenges with regard to the data-related technologies supporting the manufacturing data life-cycle. The main contributions of this dissertation focus on two specific challenges related to the early stages of the manufacturing data life-cycle: an optimized storage of the massive amounts of data captured during the production processes and an efficient pre-processing of them. The first contribution consists in the design and development of a system that facilitates the pre-processing task of the captured time-series data through an automatized approach that helps in the selection of the most adequate pre-processing techniques to apply to each data type. The second contribution is the design and development of a three-level hierarchical architecture for time-series data storage on cloud environments that helps to manage and reduce the required data storage resources (and consequently its associated costs). Moreover, with regard to the later stages, a thirdcontribution is proposed, that leverages advanced data analytics to build an alarm prediction system that allows to conduct a predictive maintenance of equipment by anticipating the activation of different types of alarms that can be produced on a real Smart Manufacturing scenario

Lossless compression of industrial time series with direct access

[EN]The new opportunities generated by the data-driven economy in the manufacturing industry have caused many companies opt for it. However, the size of time series data that need to be captured creates the problem of having to assume high storage costs. Moreover, these costs, which are constantly growing, begin to have an impact on the profitability of companies. Thus, in this scenario, the need arises to develop techniques that allow obtaining reduced representations of the time series. In this paper, we present a lossless compression method for industrial time series that allows an efficient access. That is, our aim goes beyond pure compression, where the usual way to access the data requires a complete decompression of the dataset before processing it. Instead, our method allows decompressing portions of the dataset, and moreover, it allows direct querying the compressed data. Thus, the proposed method combines the efficient access, typical of lossy methods, with the lossless compression.For the A Coruna team: This work was supported by CITIC, as Research Center accredited by Galician University System, is funded by "Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion e Universidade from Xunta de Galicia", supported in an 80% through ERDF Funds, ERDF Operational Programme Galicia 2014-2020, and the remaining 20% by "Secretaria Xeral de Universidades" (Grant ED431G 2019/01) , Xunta de Galicia/FEDER-UE under Grants [IG240.2020.1.185; IN852A 2018/14] and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion under Grants [TIN2016-78011-C4-1-R; RTC-2017-5908-7] . For the Basque team: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades under Grant [FEDER/TIN2016-78011-C4-2-R] and the Basque Government under Grant No. [IT1330-19] . Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruna/CISUG

Participants' perception of pharmaceutical clinical research: a cross-sectional controlled study

Background: There is scarce scientific information assessing participants’ perception of pharmaceutical research in developed and developing countries concerning the risks, safety, and purpose of clinical trials. Methods: To assess the perception that 604 trial participants (cases) and 604 nonparticipants (controls) of pharmaceutical clinical trials have about pharmaceutical clinical research, we surveyed participants with one of four chronic diseases from 12 research sites throughout Mexico. Results: Participation in clinical trials positively influences the perception of pharmaceutical clinical research. More cases (65.4%) than controls (50.7%) perceived that the main purpose of pharmaceutical research is to cure more diseases and to do so more effectively. In addition, more cases considered that there are significant benefits when participating in a research study, such as excellent medical care and extra free services, with this being the most important motivation to participate for both groups (cases 52%, controls 54.5%). We also found a sense of trust in their physicians to deal with adverse events, and the perception that clinical research is a benefit to their health, rather than a risk. More controls believed that clinical trial participants’ health is put at risk (57% vs 33.3%). More cases (99.2%) than controls (77.5%) would recommend participating in a clinical trial, and 90% of cases would enroll in a clinical trial again. Conclusion: Participation in clinical trials positively influences the perception that participants have about pharmaceutical clinical research when compared to nonparticipants. This information needs to be conveyed to clinicians, public health authorities, and general population to overcome misconceptions

Desarrollo de una aplicación usando LEAP

[ES]Hoy en día existen diferentes alternativas para interactuar con los ordenadores. Sin embargo, las más extendidas y utilizadas son el teclado y el ratón. En ambos casos resulta necesario que las manos del usuario entren en contacto con algún dispositivo, ya sea un teclado físico o un ratón. En determinadas circunstancias en las que la higiene de las manos es un factor importante, este hecho puede suponer un inconveniente. En este proyecto de fin de grado se ha desarrollado KVLeap, una aplicación de escritorio para los sistemas Windows, que usando el controlador Leap Motion, un dispositivo que detecta y rastrea la posición y los movimientos de las manos en el aire, permite interactuar con un ordenador sin que las manos del usuario tengan que entrar en contacto con ningún dispositivo.[EN]Nowadays there are different ways to interact with computers. However, the most widespread and used are keyboard and mouse. In both cases it is necessary that the user´s hands enter in contact with a device, either a physical keyboard, a mouse or a touch screen. In certain circumstances where hands hygiene is an important factor, this may be an inconvenient. In this final degree project it has been developed KVLeap, a desktop application for Windows systems, which using Leap Motion controller, a device that detects and tracks hands position and movements in the air, allows users to interact with a computer without having the hands in contact with any device

Desarrollo de una aplicación usando LEAP

[ES]Hoy en día existen diferentes alternativas para interactuar con los ordenadores. Sin embargo, las más extendidas y utilizadas son el teclado y el ratón. En ambos casos resulta necesario que las manos del usuario entren en contacto con algún dispositivo, ya sea un teclado físico o un ratón. En determinadas circunstancias en las que la higiene de las manos es un factor importante, este hecho puede suponer un inconveniente. En este proyecto de fin de grado se ha desarrollado KVLeap, una aplicación de escritorio para los sistemas Windows, que usando el controlador Leap Motion, un dispositivo que detecta y rastrea la posición y los movimientos de las manos en el aire, permite interactuar con un ordenador sin que las manos del usuario tengan que entrar en contacto con ningún dispositivo.[EN]Nowadays there are different ways to interact with computers. However, the most widespread and used are keyboard and mouse. In both cases it is necessary that the user´s hands enter in contact with a device, either a physical keyboard, a mouse or a touch screen. In certain circumstances where hands hygiene is an important factor, this may be an inconvenient. In this final degree project it has been developed KVLeap, a desktop application for Windows systems, which using Leap Motion controller, a device that detects and tracks hands position and movements in the air, allows users to interact with a computer without having the hands in contact with any device

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Its Association with Adrenal Insufficiency: Assessment with the Low-Dose ACTH Stimulation Test

Background. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health care concern that affects the life of millions of people around the world. The association of tuberculosis and adrenal insufficiency is well known; however, it is thought to be less prevalent every time. A spike in TB incidence and a lack of evidence of this association in patients with MDR-TB call for reassessment of an illness (adrenal dysfunction) that if not diagnosed could seriously jeopardize patients’ health. Objective. To determine the prevalence of adrenocortical insufficiency in patients with MDR-TB using the low-dose (1 μg) ACTH stimulation test at baseline and at 6–12 months of follow-up after antituberculosis treatment and culture conversion. Methods. A total of 48 men or women, aged ≥18 years (HIV-negative patients diagnosed with pulmonary MDR-TB) were included in this prospective observational study. Blood samples for serum cortisol were taken at baseline and 30 and 60 minutes after 1 μg ACTH stimulation at our tertiary level university hospital before and after antituberculosis treatment. Results. Forty-seven percent of subjects had primary MDR-TB; 43.8% had type 2 diabetes; none were HIV-positive. We found at enrollment 2 cases (4.2%) of adrenal insufficiency taking 500 nmol/L as the standard cutoff point value and 4 cases (8.3%) alternatively, using 550 nmol/L. After antituberculosis intensive phase drug-treatment and a negative mycobacterial culture (10.2±3.6 months) adrenocortical function was restored in all cases. Conclusions. In patients with MDR-TB, using the low-dose ACTH stimulation test, a low prevalence of mild adrenal insufficiency was observed. After antituberculosis treatment adrenal function was restored in all cases. Given the increasing and worrying epidemic of MDR-TB these findings have important clinical implications that may help clinicians and patients make better decisions when deciding to test for adrenocortical dysfunction or treat insufficient stimulated cortisol levels in the setting of MDR-TB

Historia de las desigualdades sociales en América Central. Una visión interdisciplinaria, siglos XVIII-XXI

Relación histórica, sobre las desigualdades sociales en América Central, a partir del siglo dieciocho hasta la actualidad, constituyendo una excelente guía que conduce al lector a transitar por nuestra región, por un largo trecho de 200 años aproximadamente, de allí su importancia histórica muy pocas veces abordada con la meticulosidad y seriedad de los enfoques que hacen los autores.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de América Central (CIHAC

Expansion of Signal Transduction Pathways in Fungi by Extensive Genome Duplication.

Plants and fungi use light and other signals to regulate development, growth, and metabolism. The fruiting bodies of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus are single cells that react to environmental cues, including light, but the mechanisms are largely unknown [1]. The related fungus Mucor circinelloides is an opportunistic human pathogen that changes its mode of growth upon receipt of signals from the environment to facilitate pathogenesis [2]. Understanding how these organisms respond to environmental cues should provide insights into the mechanisms of sensory perception and signal transduction by a single eukaryotic cell, and their role in pathogenesis. We sequenced the genomes of P. blakesleeanus and M. circinelloides and show that they have been shaped by an extensive genome duplication or, most likely, a whole-genome duplication (WGD), which is rarely observed in fungi [3-6]. We show that the genome duplication has expanded gene families, including those involved in signal transduction, and that duplicated genes have specialized, as evidenced by differences in their regulation by light. The transcriptional response to light varies with the developmental stage and is still observed in a photoreceptor mutant of P. blakesleeanus. A phototropic mutant of P. blakesleeanus with a heterozygous mutation in the photoreceptor gene madA demonstrates that photosensor dosage is important for the magnitude of signal transduction. We conclude that the genome duplication provided the means to improve signal transduction for enhanced perception of environmental signals. Our results will help to understand the role of genome dynamics in the evolution of sensory perception in eukaryotes